You can search for an instance using the IP address parameter, --ip, with the nova list command.
$ nova list --ip IP_ADDRESS
The following example shows the results of a search on 10.0.0.4.
$ nova list --ip 10.0.0.4
+------------------+----------------------+--------+------------+-------------+------------------+
| ID | Name | Status | Task State | Power State | Networks |
+------------------+----------------------+--------+------------+-------------+------------------+
| 8a99547e-7385... | myInstanceFromVolume | ACTIVE | None | Running | private=10.0.0.4 |
+------------------+----------------------+--------+------------+-------------+------------------+
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