IBM Spectrum Scale volume driver¶
IBM Spectrum Scale is a flexible software-defined storage that can be deployed as high performance file storage or a cost optimized large-scale content repository. IBM Spectrum Scale, previously known as IBM General Parallel File System (GPFS), is designed to scale performance and capacity with no bottlenecks. IBM Spectrum Scale is a cluster file system that provides concurrent access to file systems from multiple nodes. The storage provided by these nodes can be direct attached, network attached, SAN attached, or a combination of these methods. Spectrum Scale provides many features beyond common data access, including data replication, policy based storage management, and space efficient file snapshot and clone operations.
How the Spectrum Scale volume driver works¶
The Spectrum Scale volume driver, named gpfs.py, enables the use of
Spectrum Scale in a fashion similar to that of the NFS driver. With
the Spectrum Scale driver, instances do not actually access a storage
device at the block level. Instead, volume backing files are created
in a Spectrum Scale file system and mapped to instances, which emulate
a block device.
Note
Spectrum Scale must be installed and cluster has to be created on the storage nodes in the OpenStack environment. A file system must also be created and mounted on these nodes before configuring the cinder service to use Spectrum Scale storage.For more details, please refer to Spectrum Scale product documentation.
Optionally, the Image service can be configured to store glance images in a Spectrum Scale file system. When a Block Storage volume is created from an image, if both image data and volume data reside in the same Spectrum Scale file system, the data from image file is moved efficiently to the volume file using copy-on-write optimization strategy.
Supported operations¶
- Create, delete, attach, and detach volumes.
- Create, delete volume snapshots.
- Create a volume from a snapshot.
- Create cloned volumes.
- Extend a volume.
- Migrate a volume.
- Retype a volume.
- Create, delete consistency groups.
- Create, delete consistency group snapshots.
- Copy an image to a volume.
- Copy a volume to an image.
- Backup and restore volumes.
Driver configurations¶
The Spectrum Scale volume driver supports three modes of deployment.
Mode 1 – Pervasive Spectrum Scale Client¶
When Spectrum Scale is running on compute nodes as well as on the cinder node. For example, Spectrum Scale filesystem is available to both Compute and Block Storage services as a local filesystem.
To use Spectrum Scale driver in this deployment mode, set the volume_driver
in the cinder.conf as:
volume_driver = cinder.volume.drivers.ibm.gpfs.GPFSDriver
The following table contains the configuration options supported by the Spectrum Scale driver in this deployment mode.
| Configuration option = Default value | Description |
|---|---|
| [DEFAULT] | |
gpfs_images_dir = None |
(String) Specifies the path of the Image service repository in GPFS. Leave undefined if not storing images in GPFS. |
gpfs_images_share_mode = None |
(String) Specifies the type of image copy to be used. Set this when the Image service repository also uses GPFS so that image files can be transferred efficiently from the Image service to the Block Storage service. There are two valid values: “copy” specifies that a full copy of the image is made; “copy_on_write” specifies that copy-on-write optimization strategy is used and unmodified blocks of the image file are shared efficiently. |
gpfs_max_clone_depth = 0 |
(Integer) Specifies an upper limit on the number of indirections required to reach a specific block due to snapshots or clones. A lengthy chain of copy-on-write snapshots or clones can have a negative impact on performance, but improves space utilization. 0 indicates unlimited clone depth. |
gpfs_mount_point_base = None |
(String) Specifies the path of the GPFS directory where Block Storage volume and snapshot files are stored. |
gpfs_sparse_volumes = True |
(Boolean) Specifies that volumes are created as sparse files which initially consume no space. If set to False, the volume is created as a fully allocated file, in which case, creation may take a significantly longer time. |
gpfs_storage_pool = system |
(String) Specifies the storage pool that volumes are assigned to. By default, the system storage pool is used. |
Note
The gpfs_images_share_mode flag is only valid if the Image
Service is configured to use Spectrum Scale with the
gpfs_images_dir flag. When the value of this flag is
copy_on_write, the paths specified by the gpfs_mount_point_base
and gpfs_images_dir flags must both reside in the same GPFS
file system and in the same GPFS file set.
Mode 2 – Remote Spectrum Scale Driver with Local Compute Access¶
When Spectrum Scale is running on compute nodes, but not on the Block Storage
node. For example, Spectrum Scale filesystem is only available to Compute
service as Local filesystem where as Block Storage service accesses Spectrum
Scale remotely. In this case, cinder-volume service running Spectrum Scale
driver access storage system over SSH and creates volume backing files to make
them available on the compute nodes. This mode is typically deployed when the
cinder and glance services are running inside a Linux container. The container
host should have Spectrum Scale client running and GPFS filesystem mount path
should be bind mounted into the Linux containers.
Note
Note that the user IDs present in the containers should match as that in the host machines. For example, the containers running cinder and glance services should be privileged containers.
To use Spectrum Scale driver in this deployment mode, set the volume_driver
in the cinder.conf as:
volume_driver = cinder.volume.drivers.ibm.gpfs.GPFSRemoteDriver
The following table contains the configuration options supported by the Spectrum Scale driver in this deployment mode.
| Configuration option = Default value | Description |
|---|---|
| [DEFAULT] | |
gpfs_hosts = |
(List) Comma-separated list of IP address or hostnames of GPFS nodes. |
gpfs_hosts_key_file = $state_path/ssh_known_hosts |
(String) File containing SSH host keys for the gpfs nodes with which driver needs to communicate. Default=$state_path/ssh_known_hosts |
gpfs_images_dir = None |
(String) Specifies the path of the Image service repository in GPFS. Leave undefined if not storing images in GPFS. |
gpfs_images_share_mode = None |
(String) Specifies the type of image copy to be used. Set this when the Image service repository also uses GPFS so that image files can be transferred efficiently from the Image service to the Block Storage service. There are two valid values: “copy” specifies that a full copy of the image is made; “copy_on_write” specifies that copy-on-write optimization strategy is used and unmodified blocks of the image file are shared efficiently. |
gpfs_max_clone_depth = 0 |
(Integer) Specifies an upper limit on the number of indirections required to reach a specific block due to snapshots or clones. A lengthy chain of copy-on-write snapshots or clones can have a negative impact on performance, but improves space utilization. 0 indicates unlimited clone depth. |
gpfs_mount_point_base = None |
(String) Specifies the path of the GPFS directory where Block Storage volume and snapshot files are stored. |
gpfs_private_key = |
(String) Filename of private key to use for SSH authentication. |
gpfs_sparse_volumes = True |
(Boolean) Specifies that volumes are created as sparse files which initially consume no space. If set to False, the volume is created as a fully allocated file, in which case, creation may take a significantly longer time. |
gpfs_ssh_port = 22 |
(Port number) SSH port to use. |
gpfs_storage_pool = system |
(String) Specifies the storage pool that volumes are assigned to. By default, the system storage pool is used. |
gpfs_strict_host_key_policy = False |
(Boolean) Option to enable strict gpfs host key checking while connecting to gpfs nodes. Default=False |
gpfs_user_login = root |
(String) Username for GPFS nodes. |
gpfs_user_password = |
(String) Password for GPFS node user. |
Note
The gpfs_images_share_mode flag is only valid if the Image
Service is configured to use Spectrum Scale with the
gpfs_images_dir flag. When the value of this flag is
copy_on_write, the paths specified by the gpfs_mount_point_base
and gpfs_images_dir flags must both reside in the same GPFS
file system and in the same GPFS file set.
Mode 3 – Remote Spectrum Scale Access¶
When both Compute and Block Storage nodes are not running Spectrum Scale software and do not have access to Spectrum Scale file system directly as local filesystem. In this case, we create an NFS export on the volume path and make it available on the cinder node and on compute nodes.
Optionally, if one wants to use the copy-on-write optimization to create bootable volumes from glance images, one need to also export the glance images path and mount it on the nodes where glance and cinder services are running. The cinder and glance services will access the GPFS filesystem through NFS.
To use Spectrum Scale driver in this deployment mode, set the volume_driver
in the cinder.conf as:
volume_driver = cinder.volume.drivers.ibm.gpfs.GPFSNFSDriver
The following table contains the configuration options supported by the Spectrum Scale driver in this deployment mode.
| Configuration option = Default value | Description |
|---|---|
| [DEFAULT] | |
gpfs_images_dir = None |
(String) Specifies the path of the Image service repository in GPFS. Leave undefined if not storing images in GPFS. |
gpfs_images_share_mode = None |
(String) Specifies the type of image copy to be used. Set this when the Image service repository also uses GPFS so that image files can be transferred efficiently from the Image service to the Block Storage service. There are two valid values: “copy” specifies that a full copy of the image is made; “copy_on_write” specifies that copy-on-write optimization strategy is used and unmodified blocks of the image file are shared efficiently. |
gpfs_max_clone_depth = 0 |
(Integer) Specifies an upper limit on the number of indirections required to reach a specific block due to snapshots or clones. A lengthy chain of copy-on-write snapshots or clones can have a negative impact on performance, but improves space utilization. 0 indicates unlimited clone depth. |
gpfs_mount_point_base = None |
(String) Specifies the path of the GPFS directory where Block Storage volume and snapshot files are stored. |
gpfs_sparse_volumes = True |
(Boolean) Specifies that volumes are created as sparse files which initially consume no space. If set to False, the volume is created as a fully allocated file, in which case, creation may take a significantly longer time. |
gpfs_storage_pool = system |
(String) Specifies the storage pool that volumes are assigned to. By default, the system storage pool is used. |
nas_host = |
(String) IP address or Hostname of NAS system. |
nas_login = admin |
(String) User name to connect to NAS system. |
nas_password = |
(String) Password to connect to NAS system. |
nas_private_key = |
(String) Filename of private key to use for SSH authentication. |
nas_ssh_port = 22 |
(Port number) SSH port to use to connect to NAS system. |
nfs_mount_point_base = $state_path/mnt |
(String) Base dir containing mount points for NFS shares. |
nfs_shares_config = /etc/cinder/nfs_shares |
(String) File with the list of available NFS shares. |
Additionally, all the options of the base NFS driver are applicable for GPFSNFSDriver. The above table lists the basic configuration options which are needed for initialization of the driver.
Note
The gpfs_images_share_mode flag is only valid if the Image
Service is configured to use Spectrum Scale with the
gpfs_images_dir flag. When the value of this flag is
copy_on_write, the paths specified by the gpfs_mount_point_base
and gpfs_images_dir flags must both reside in the same GPFS
file system and in the same GPFS file set.
Volume creation options¶
It is possible to specify additional volume configuration options on a per-volume basis by specifying volume metadata. The volume is created using the specified options. Changing the metadata after the volume is created has no effect. The following table lists the volume creation options supported by the GPFS volume driver.
| Metadata Item Name | Description |
|---|---|
| fstype | Specifies whether to create a file system or a swap area on the new volume. If fstype=swap is specified, the mkswap command is used to create a swap area. Otherwise the mkfs command is passed the specified file system type, for example ext3, ext4 or ntfs. |
| fslabel | Sets the file system label for the file system specified by fstype option. This value is only used if fstype is specified. |
| data_pool_name | Specifies the GPFS storage pool to which the volume is to be assigned. Note: The GPFS storage pool must already have been created. |
| replicas | Specifies how many copies of the volume file to create. Valid values are 1, 2, and, for Spectrum Scale V3.5.0.7 and later, 3. This value cannot be greater than the value of the MaxDataReplicasattribute of the file system. |
| dio | Enables or disables the Direct I/O caching policy for the volume file. Valid values are yes and no. |
| write_affinity_depth | Specifies the allocation policy to be used for the volume file. Note: This option only works if allow-write-affinity is set for the GPFS data pool. |
| block_group_factor | Specifies how many blocks are laid out sequentially in the volume file to behave as a single large block. Note: This option only works if allow-write-affinity is set for the GPFS data pool. |
| write_affinity_failure_group | Specifies the range of nodes (in GPFS shared nothing architecture) where replicas of blocks in the volume file are to be written. See Spectrum Scale documentation for more details about this option. |
This example shows the creation of a 50GB volume with an ext4 file
system labeled newfs and direct IO enabled:
$ openstack volume create --property fstype=ext4 fslabel=newfs dio=yes \
--size 50 VOLUME
Note that if the metadata for the volume is changed later, the changes do not reflect in the backend. User will have to manually change the volume attributes corresponding to metadata on Spectrum Scale filesystem.
Operational notes for GPFS driver¶
Volume snapshots are implemented using the GPFS file clone feature. Whenever a new snapshot is created, the snapshot file is efficiently created as a read-only clone parent of the volume, and the volume file uses copy-on-write optimization strategy to minimize data movement.
Similarly when a new volume is created from a snapshot or from an
existing volume, the same approach is taken. The same approach is also
used when a new volume is created from an Image service image, if the
source image is in raw format, and gpfs_images_share_mode is set to
copy_on_write.
The Spectrum Scale driver supports encrypted volume back end feature.
To encrypt a volume at rest, specify the extra specification
gpfs_encryption_rest = True.
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